Am J Cancer Res 2012;2(1):22-35
Review Article
hCG variants, the growth factors which drive human malignancies
Laurence A. Cole
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
USA hCG Reference Service, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM 87104, USA
Received August 25, 2011; accepted October 6, 2011; Epub November 20, 2011; Published January 1, 2012
Abstract: The term human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) refers to a group of 5 molecules, each sharing the common amino
acid sequence but each differing in meric structure and carbohydrate side chain structure. The 5 molecules are each produced
by separate cells and each having separate biological functions. hCG and sulfated hCG are hormones produced by placental
syncytiotrophoblast cells and pituitary gonadotrope cells. Hyperglycosylated hCG is an autocrine produced by placental
cytotrophoblast cells. Hyperglycosylated hCG drives malignancy in placental cancers, and in testicular and ovarian germ cell
malignancies. hCGß and hyperglycosylated hCGß are autocrines produce by most advanced malignancies. These molecules,
particularly the malignancy promoters are presented in this review on hCG and cancer. hCGß and hyperglycosylated hCGß are
critical to the growth and invasion, or malignancy of most advanced cancers. In many ways, while hCG may appear like a
nothing, a hormone associated with pregnancy, it is not, and may be at the center of cancer research. (AJCR0000084).
Keywords: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), variants, groth factors, human malignancies, cancer
Full Text PDF
Address all correspondence to:
Laurence A. Cole PhD
USA hCG Reference Service
University of New Mexico
Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Phone, 505-263-9635
Email, larry@hcglab.com
Review Article
hCG variants, the growth factors which drive human malignancies
Laurence A. Cole
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
USA hCG Reference Service, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM 87104, USA
Received August 25, 2011; accepted October 6, 2011; Epub November 20, 2011; Published January 1, 2012
Abstract: The term human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) refers to a group of 5 molecules, each sharing the common amino
acid sequence but each differing in meric structure and carbohydrate side chain structure. The 5 molecules are each produced
by separate cells and each having separate biological functions. hCG and sulfated hCG are hormones produced by placental
syncytiotrophoblast cells and pituitary gonadotrope cells. Hyperglycosylated hCG is an autocrine produced by placental
cytotrophoblast cells. Hyperglycosylated hCG drives malignancy in placental cancers, and in testicular and ovarian germ cell
malignancies. hCGß and hyperglycosylated hCGß are autocrines produce by most advanced malignancies. These molecules,
particularly the malignancy promoters are presented in this review on hCG and cancer. hCGß and hyperglycosylated hCGß are
critical to the growth and invasion, or malignancy of most advanced cancers. In many ways, while hCG may appear like a
nothing, a hormone associated with pregnancy, it is not, and may be at the center of cancer research. (AJCR0000084).
Keywords: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), variants, groth factors, human malignancies, cancer
Full Text PDF
Address all correspondence to:
Laurence A. Cole PhD
USA hCG Reference Service
University of New Mexico
Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Phone, 505-263-9635
Email, larry@hcglab.com
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American Journal of Cancer Research
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